Swimmers Tail, or officially called Limber tail (or acute caudal myopathy) is also referred to as cold water tail, limp tail, swimmer’s tail or broken tail and is a relatively common, temporary condition in sporting dogs. Affected dogs will appear with a limp tail after swimming or other strenuous activity in cold or wet weather.
What are the signs of limber tail syndrome? An affected dog will appear with a limp tail hanging down from the tail base or held horizontally for 8-10 cm (3-4 inches) and then dropping down. This tends to happen within 24 hours of strenuous activity – most often swimming. The tail will remain in this position even when the dog moves about. The dog will appear uncomfortable and in pain, especially on palpation of the tail base. Dogs with swimmers’ tail will likely be reluctant to sit down and have some swelling at the base of the tail.
What causes limber tail syndrome? The cause of swimmer’s tail is not known, although it is thought to be associated with hard workouts (especially in unfit dogs), heavy hunting, and swimming or bathing in water that is too cold or too warm, as well as prolonged transportation in cages. This condition is commonly is seen in retrievers and pointers as they start back into heavier training when the seasons change. This is often seen in young dogs out for the first time, simply due to overuse of the tail muscles. Studies suggest that limber tail is associated with muscle impairment or insufficient blood supply to the muscles of the tail. The muscles used in “side to side” motion appear to be the muscles that are affected, which is also what we see with wagging of the tail. The tail muscles are located in a small space between the coccygeal vertebrae, and an outer layer of dense connective tissue. This is a tight area, and as such there is not much room for the muscles to expand, so they become “trapped” and this results in decreased blood flow. Without adequate blood flow, the muscle cells start to degenerate which causes pain and dysfunction.
Which dogs are typically affected? It is common in pointing and retrieving dogs and is typically seen in young adult male dogs. It is most often seen in working breeds especially English Pointers, English Setters, Foxhounds, Beagles and Labrador, Golden and Flat-coated Retrievers.
How is limber tail syndrome treated? Swimmers’ tail can be treated at home with rest and warm packs at the base of the tail. This will help to relieve the discomfort as the muscles heal. Most owners and trainers familiar with the condition do not seek veterinary assistance. The first time you see swimmers’ tail is rather concerning, because you are concerned for your furry family member – however the condition does resolve within 3-4 days. However, if worried, ask your veterinarian for advice. Your veterinarian may recommend tests to confirm diagnosis, (ie. blood tests and and X-ray of the tail), and they may prescribe a mild painkiller or anti-inflammatory medication to aid in recovery and provide some pain management.
How can I prevent my dog getting limber tail syndrome? Less than 50% of cases have been known to recur. Make sure that your dog is fit prior to the being extremely active, or limit their activity to a reasonable amount. A gradual increase in physical condition prevents stress or fatigue in the first few outings. Avoid icy water and strenuous exercise if your dog is unfit! Keep bedding dry especially in wet, cold conditions and don’t keep your dog in a cramped crate. There should be room to move and frequent opportunities to get out for exercise.